Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Table of languages |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations used in morpheme glosses |
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xxi | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (24) |
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1.1 Two approaches to duplication |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2 Morphological Doubling Theory |
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6 | (14) |
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1.2.1 The morphology of reduplication |
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7 | (4) |
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1.2.2 Constructions in morphology |
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11 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Constructional semantics |
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13 | (3) |
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1.2.4 Constructional phonology |
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16 | (2) |
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1.2.5 The phonology of reduplication |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (2) |
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1.4 Distinguishing the two types of duplication |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5 Wrapup and outline of book |
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23 | (2) |
2 Evidence for morphological doubling |
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25 | (42) |
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2.1 Morphological targets: affix reduplication |
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27 | (4) |
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2.1.1 Preverb reduplication: Hungarian |
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28 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Reduplication within the derivational stem |
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28 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Further implications |
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30 | (1) |
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2.2 Morphotactic asymmetries: empty morphs |
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31 | (16) |
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2.2.1 Empty morphs in morphology |
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31 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Phonologically beneficial empty morphs |
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33 | (3) |
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2.2.3 Empty morphs in reduplication |
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36 | (5) |
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2.2.4 Simple melodic overwriting |
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41 | (2) |
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2.2.5 Double melodic overwriting |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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2.3 Synonym and antonym constructions |
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47 | (18) |
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47 | (12) |
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2.3.2 Synonym constructions |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (1) |
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2.4 Comparison of MDT with OO correspondence |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
3 Morphologically conditioned phonology in reduplication: the daughters |
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67 | (31) |
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70 | (7) |
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3.1.1 Cophonologies vs. indexed constraints |
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74 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Cophonologies in reduplication |
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75 | (2) |
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3.2 Typical daughter modifications |
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77 | (5) |
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3.3 Divergent modification |
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82 | (10) |
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82 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Hausa tonal modification |
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83 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Tarok: divergent TETU |
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84 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Parallel modification |
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86 | (5) |
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3.3.5 Double modification outside of reduplication |
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91 | (1) |
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3.4 Daughter independence vs. base dependence |
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92 | (5) |
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92 | (5) |
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97 | (1) |
4 Morphologically conditioned phonology in reduplication: the mother node |
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98 | (37) |
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4.1 General approach to junctural phonology |
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99 | (1) |
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4.2 Reduplication-specific alternations |
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100 | (3) |
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4.3 Reduplication-specific non-alternation |
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103 | (15) |
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4.3.1 BR-Faith is insufficient |
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104 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Underapplication all over |
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105 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Non-identity-enhancing underapplication in reduplication |
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106 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Layering and underapplication |
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108 | (5) |
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113 | (5) |
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118 | (16) |
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4.4.1 Predictions of 3-Faith |
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121 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Overapplication of reduplication-specific phonology |
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122 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Construction-specific insertion |
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124 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Reduplication-internal variation |
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125 | (3) |
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4.4.5 Parallels between reduplicative and nonreduplicative phonology |
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128 | (5) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
5 Morphologically driven opacity in reduplication |
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135 | (46) |
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5.1 Daughter-based opacity: overapplication and underapplication in Javanese |
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136 | (15) |
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5.1.1 /a/-raising: underapplication by truncation |
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137 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Suffix-triggered ablaut: overapplication by truncation |
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138 | (5) |
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5.1.3 Opacity in suffixation and reduplication: wrapup |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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5.1.5 /h/-deletion: overapplication |
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145 | (2) |
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5.1.6 Laxing: underapplication |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (1) |
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5.2 Mother-based opacity: infixation |
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151 | (5) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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5.3 Morphological opacity outside of reduplication |
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156 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Opacity by truncation |
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156 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Opacity by infixation |
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157 | (1) |
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5.4 MDT vs. Coerced Identity theories |
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158 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Opacity does not always increase identity |
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161 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Distribution of opacity |
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161 | (4) |
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165 | (8) |
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5.5.1 Stem-internal alternations: opaque overapplication by truncation |
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168 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Junctural alternations: normal application |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (1) |
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5.6 Conclusion: morphology underlies opacity |
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173 | (1) |
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5.7 The question of backcopying |
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174 | (7) |
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5.7.1 Lack of evidence for backcopying in morphological reduplication |
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175 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Backcopying as phonological assimilation |
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177 | (3) |
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180 | (1) |
6 Case studies |
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181 | (16) |
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181 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Alternatives to backcopying |
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182 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Prefixation vs. infixation |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (12) |
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6.2.1 Alternatives to backcopying |
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187 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Chumash verb morphology |
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189 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Which prefixes can contribute an overcopying final C? |
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190 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Inner (Level 2) prefixes in the reduplication domain |
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190 | (1) |
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6.2.5 A split among Inner prefixes in Ineseno |
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191 | (2) |
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6.2.6 Implications of the split among Inner prefixes |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
7 Final issues |
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197 | (16) |
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7.1 Criteria distinguishing phonological copying from morphological reduplication |
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197 | (1) |
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7.2 The purpose and nature of phonological copying |
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197 | (2) |
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7.3 The morphological purpose of reduplication |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (2) |
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7.5 The question of rhyme |
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203 | (7) |
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7.6 The question of anti-identity |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
Notes |
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213 | (12) |
References |
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225 | (20) |
Index of languages |
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245 | (2) |
Index of names |
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247 | (4) |
Index of subjects |
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251 | |