In "Multicultural Education and Feminist Ethics," Friedman contends that two strains of feminist ethics have developed since the 1980's: the "care ethics" (the reclaiming of Western femininity), and the goal of ending gender oppression. The latter seeks to transform the traditional ideology of gender and family; a transformation that will never occur if traditional feminine qualities (such as nurturing) are idealized and valorized. Friedman argues that universalism within the feminist movement is possible only if the white middle class agendas are broadened to encompass women and men of diverse racial, economic, and sexual positions who have experienced institutional oppression. "Genuine solidarity" has always been the goal of Western feminism, Friedman stresses. Open communication is a fundamental step toward achieving this goal; and multiculturalism an appropriate vehicle for promoting perpetual dialogue between diverse groups operating under similar agendas. Friedman warns against a "kind of shopping-mall consumerism that endorses multicultural studies merely for the edification, enrichment, and diversion of privileged U.S. students" (64). A deeper commitment is necessary to promote multiculturalism as a serious movement in diversity, mutual respect, and social change.