In "Multicultural Education and Feminist
Ethics," Friedman contends that two strains of
feminist ethics have developed since the 1980's: the "care ethics" (the
reclaiming of Western
femininity), and the goal of ending gender oppression. The latter seeks
to transform the traditional
ideology of gender and family; a transformation that will never occur if
traditional feminine qualities
(such as nurturing) are idealized and valorized.
Friedman argues that universalism within the feminist movement is possible
only if the white
middle class agendas are broadened to encompass women and men of
diverse racial, economic,
and sexual positions who have experienced institutional oppression. "Genuine
solidarity" has always
been the goal of Western feminism, Friedman stresses. Open communication
is a fundamental step
toward achieving this goal; and multiculturalism an appropriate vehicle
for promoting perpetual
dialogue between diverse groups operating under similar agendas.
Friedman warns against a "kind of shopping-mall consumerism that endorses
multicultural
studies merely for the edification, enrichment, and diversion of privileged
U.S. students" (64). A
deeper commitment is necessary to promote multiculturalism as a serious
movement in diversity,
mutual respect, and social change.